Fate Therapeutics, Inc. logo FATE - Fate Therapeutics, Inc.

Price: -- -- | CONSENSUS: Buy DETAILS
STRONG
BUY
0
BUY 16
HOLD 13
SELL 2
STRONG
SELL
0
| PRICE TARGET: $5.63 DETAILS
HIGH: $8.00
LOW: $3.50
MEDIAN: $5.50
CONSENSUS: $5.63
UPSIDE: 166.82%
Metric 2026 Q2 2026 Q1 2025 Q4 2025 Q3 2025 Q2 2025 Q1 2024 Q4 2024 Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q1 2023 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 Q2 2023 Q1 2022 Q4 2022 Q3 2022 Q2 2022 Q1 2021 Q4 2021 Q3 2021 Q2 2021 Q1 2020 Q4 2020 Q3 2020 Q2 2020 Q1 2019 Q4 2019 Q3 2019 Q2 2019 Q1 2018 Q4 2018 Q3 2018 Q2 2018 Q1 2017 Q4 2017 Q3 2017 Q2 2017 Q1 2016 Q4 2016 Q3 2016 Q2 2016 Q1 2015 Q4 2015 Q3 2015 Q2 2015 Q1 2014 Q4 2014 Q3 2014 Q2 2014 Q1 2013 Q4 2013 Q3 2013 Q2 2013 Q1 2012 Q4 2012 Q3
Revenue
Revenue 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 3.1 6.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 0.9 59.0 44.4 15.0 18.5 18.4 17.1 14.2 13.4 11.1 15.9 7.6 5.5 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.6 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 (1.0) 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5
Cost of Revenue 0 2.9 0 25.8 3.8 29.1 17.1 34.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.7 40.9 65.6 87.2 79.8 81.3 72.1 69.5 53.1 48.0 44.9 39.0 30.7 26.7 29.3 0 23.2 21.6 17.7 14.1 13.6 16.8 11.5 9.9 8.6 7.9 8.0 6.2 6.8 6.8 6.6 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.5 3.0 3.4 3.1 2.5 3.4 3.3
Gross Profit 2.1 (1.6) 1.4 (24.1) (1.9) (27.5) (15.3) (31.6) 2.1 (2.9) (3.2) (2.8) (39.9) (6.6) (42.8) (64.8) (62.8) (53.7) (52.4) (38.9) (34.6) (33.7) (23.1) (23.1) (21.2) (26.8) 2.8 (20.8) (18.8) (15.1) (12.4) (12.6) (15.8) (10.4) (8.9) (7.6) (6.9) (6.9) (5.2) (5.8) (5.8) (5.3) (4.4) (4.0) (4.5) (4.6) (3.9) (4.1) (4.0) (4.5) (4.0) (3.2) (2.8) (2.1) (2.8) (2.8)
Operating Expenses
R&D Expenses 24.4 21.8 25.4 25.8 27.4 29.1 33.6 34.6 34.6 32.1 31.8 34.3 40.9 65.6 87.2 79.8 81.3 72.1 69.5 53.1 48.0 44.9 39.0 30.7 26.7 29.3 25.2 23.2 21.6 17.7 14.1 13.6 16.8 11.5 9.9 8.6 7.9 8.0 6.2 6.8 6.8 6.6 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.5 3.0 3.4 3.1 2.5 3.4 3.3
SG&A Expenses 8.8 9.6 10.7 10.6 11.4 13.8 31.7 20.8 17.3 20.9 17.9 18.9 22.6 21.9 21.6 21.6 20.4 20.7 16.9 15.7 12.2 12.5 10.3 8.4 7.5 7.7 6.7 6.3 5.3 5.3 4.3 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.8 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.4 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.3 1.3 0.9
Other Expenses 0 0 0 (25.8) (3.8) (29.1) (18.9) (34.6) (4.7) (4.8) (4.9) (4.7) (40.9) (65.6) (87.2) (79.8) (81.3) (72.1) (69.5) (53.1) (48.0) (44.9) (39.0) (30.7) (26.7) (29.3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0.9) 0 0 0 (0.5)
Operating Expenses 33.2 31.4 36.1 10.6 35.1 13.8 46.5 20.8 47.1 48.2 44.9 48.5 22.6 21.9 21.6 21.6 20.4 20.7 16.9 15.7 12.2 12.5 10.3 8.4 7.5 7.7 31.9 29.5 26.9 23.1 18.4 17.7 20.6 15.1 13.3 11.4 10.6 11.0 8.7 9.4 9.0 9.2 8.0 7.4 7.5 7.3 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.9 4.9 5.4 4.6 3.8 4.7 4.2
Operating Income
Operating Income (31.1) (33) (34.7) (34.7) (37.0) (41.3) (61.7) (52.4) (45.1) (51.1) (48.1) (51.3) (62.6) (28.6) (64.4) (86.4) (83.1) (74.5) (69.4) (54.6) (46.8) (46.2) (33.4) (31.5) (28.7) (34.5) (29.1) (27.1) (24.1) (20.4) (16.7) (16.7) (19.6) (14.1) (12.2) (10.3) (9.6) (10.0) (7.7) (8.4) (8.0) (7.9) (6.9) (6.3) (7.2) (7.3) (5.9) (6.0) (6.0) (6.9) (4.9) (5.1) (4.3) (3.4) (4.0) (3.6)
Interest Expense 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0
Interest Income 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.6 2.9 3.3 3.9 4.4 4.8 4.1 4.4 4.7 4.4 3.7 2.9 1.8 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0
Profitability
EBITDA (27.8) (28.3) (29.3) (29.0) (30.8) (34.3) (42.2) (43.1) (33.7) (43.2) (39.2) (40.4) (48.3) (14.7) (51.5) (80.4) (73.1) (62.9) (66.4) (41.8) (54.0) (45.3) (32.5) (30.7) (28.0) (33.8) (27.1) (25.6) (22.5) (18.9) (15.3) (16.0) (18.9) (13.4) (11.8) (10.1) (9.2) (9.7) (7.4) (8.1) (7.8) (7.7) (6.7) (6.1) (7.1) (7.2) (5.8) (5.9) (5.9) (6.8) (4.8) (5.0) (5.3) (3.3) (3.9) (3.5)
EBIT (30.6) (31.2) (32.4) (32.2) (34.1) (37.6) (47.0) (47.7) (38.4) (48.0) (44.1) (45.2) (52.8) (18.9) (56.4) (83.6) (76.1) (65.7) (68.6) (43.3) (55.1) (46.2) (33.4) (31.5) (28.7) (34.5) (27.8) (26.2) (23.1) (19.4) (15.6) (16.4) (19.2) (13.7) (12.1) (10.3) (9.4) (9.9) (7.6) (8.4) (8.0) (7.9) (6.9) (6.3) (7.2) (7.3) (5.9) (6.4) (6.0) (6.9) (7.3) (5.8) (5.4) (3.4) (4.2) (3.6)
Income Before Tax (30.2) (31.2) (32.4) (32.2) (34.1) (37.6) (52.2) (47.7) (38.4) (48.0) (44.1) (45.2) (52.8) (18.9) (56.4) (83.6) (76.1) (65.7) (68.6) (43.3) (55.1) (45.1) (53.1) (58.7) (28.1) (33.5) (28.3) (26.6) (23.5) (19.8) (16.0) (16.8) (19.7) (14.1) (12.5) (10.7) (9.6) (10.1) (7.9) (8.7) (8.4) (8.4) (7.4) (6.9) (7.8) (7.9) (6.2) (6.6) (6.1) (7.0) (5.7) (6.1) (5.5) (3.5) (4.2) (4.1)
Income Tax Expense 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Income (30.2) (31.2) (32.4) (32.2) (34.1) (37.6) (52.2) (47.7) (38.4) (48.0) (44.1) (45.2) (52.8) (18.9) (56.4) (83.6) (76.1) (65.7) (68.6) (43.3) (55.1) (45.1) (53.1) (58.7) (28.1) (33.5) (28.3) (26.6) (23.5) (19.8) (16.0) (16.8) (19.7) (14.1) (12.5) (10.7) (9.6) (10.1) (7.9) (8.7) (8.4) (8.4) (7.4) (6.9) (7.8) (7.9) (6.2) (6.6) (6.1) (7.0) (5.7) (6.1) (5.5) (3.5) (4.2) (4.1)
Per Share Data
EPS (Basic) -0.25 -0.26 -0.27 -0.27 -0.29 -0.32 -0.44 -0.40 -0.33 -0.47 -0.45 -0.46 -0.54 -0.09 -0.50 -0.83 -0.79 -0.59 -0.72 -0.45 -0.58 -0.48 -0.61 -0.68 -0.35 -0.44 -0.37 -0.40 -0.36 -0.30 -0.25 -0.31 -0.37 -0.27 -0.29 -0.26 -0.23 -0.24 -0.21 -0.27 -0.29 -0.29 -0.26 -0.24 -0.33 -0.38 -0.30 -0.32 -0.30 -0.34 -0.29 -0.32 -0.29 -0.40 -0.47 -0.46
EPS (Diluted) -0.25 -0.26 -0.27 -0.27 -0.29 -0.32 -0.44 -0.40 -0.33 -0.47 -0.45 -0.46 -0.54 -0.09 -0.50 -0.83 -0.79 -0.59 -0.72 -0.45 -0.58 -0.48 -0.61 -0.68 -0.35 -0.44 -0.37 -0.40 -0.36 -0.30 -0.25 -0.31 -0.37 -0.27 -0.29 -0.26 -0.23 -0.24 -0.21 -0.27 -0.29 -0.29 -0.26 -0.24 -0.33 -0.38 -0.30 -0.32 -0.30 -0.34 -0.28 -0.32 -0.29 -0.40 -0.47 -0.46
Shares Outstanding 120.4 120.0 118.8 119.0 118.5 118.4 117.8 117.8 117.5 101.1 98.6 98.6 98.4 98.1 97.2 97.0 96.7 96.3 95.8 95.4 94.3 93.4 87.4 86.9 79.3 75.9 75.6 66.9 65.2 64.9 64.6 54.2 53.1 52.8 43.7 41.4 41.4 41.4 37.2 32.1 28.9 28.8 28.7 28.7 23.9 20.6 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.3 19.7 19.2 19.2 8.9 8.9 8.9
Metric 2026 Q2 2026 Q1 2025 Q4 2025 Q3 2025 Q2 2025 Q1 2024 Q4 2024 Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q1 2023 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 Q2 2023 Q1 2022 Q4 2022 Q3 2022 Q2 2022 Q1 2021 Q4 2021 Q3 2021 Q2 2021 Q1 2020 Q4 2020 Q3 2020 Q2 2020 Q1 2019 Q4 2019 Q3 2019 Q2 2019 Q1 2018 Q4 2018 Q3 2018 Q2 2018 Q1 2017 Q4 2017 Q3 2017 Q2 2017 Q1 2016 Q4 2016 Q3 2016 Q2 2016 Q1 2015 Q4 2015 Q3 2015 Q2 2015 Q1 2014 Q4 2014 Q3 2014 Q2 2014 Q1 2013 Q4 2013 Q3 2013 Q2 2013 Q1 2012 Q4
Current Assets
Cash & Cash Equivalents 32.4 39.6 46.6 40.6 41.2 44.9 36.1 37.9 36.9 121.3 41.9 33.3 46.8 42.0 61.3 82.1 55.3 64.7 133.6 129.2 76.7 106.4 167.3 349.1 433.1 83.4 99.8 249.6 71.4 183.0 190.5 183.2 36.2 32.9 89.0 43.2 31.1 40.6 88.6 37.1 35.9 39.5 64.8 72.9 81.2 42.3 49.1 45.5 42.0 47.9 54.0 19.1 3.4 4.6 9.1
Short-Term Investments 121.3 135.3 157.0 174.8 181.6 195.5 243.0 259.0 268.0 262.2 273.3 316.4 331.1 366.9 374.9 423.0 513.6 509.0 482.3 549.5 618.9 683.7 315.6 139.7 100.3 119.9 121.6 53.2 90.6 0 10.5 27.9 41.9 55.7 12.0 26.0 40.0 41.7 3.5 9.5 10.1 16.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net Receivables 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.4 2.4 3.5 4.1 1.0 0.9 1.8 1.5 2.8 13.5 38.5 10.2 13.1 13.8 8.7 7.3 10.3 6.9 5.5 3.2 1.7 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inventory 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (1.5) (1.7) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Current Assets 0 4 4.1 5.1 6.2 5.4 9.3 1.9 1.7 10.0 0.9 12.9 1.1 15.5 27.4 0 1 1.4 1.1 1.7 2.1 1.9 5.9 0 5.1 0 5.7 0 0 0 0 0 2.0 1.5 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.2 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 0
Total Current Assets 158.0 179.5 208.7 221.3 230.4 248.2 291.9 310.3 319.4 394.4 331.5 364.2 392.2 437.9 502.1 535.3 599.2 599.1 633.4 693.7 713.3 804.3 494.3 496.8 540.2 208.2 227.1 305.6 165.2 186.4 205.2 213.9 80.0 90.6 102.6 70.0 71.9 83.4 93.3 47.4 47.1 56.6 65.7 74.2 81.6 42.8 49.9 45.6 42.2 48.3 54.7 19.4 4.1 5.3 9.8
Non-Current Assets
Property, Plant & Equipment 92.1 95.3 98.5 101.9 104.9 107.9 110.9 140.8 147.1 152.7 158.5 164.4 170.1 173.3 66.1 176.5 171.6 167.3 162.2 139.6 125.4 115.2 99.4 87.8 84.2 81.1 22.8 32.8 32.8 32.4 5.1 3.8 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2
Goodwill 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Intangible Assets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Long-Term Investments 0 0 1.5 10.3 26.1 32.3 27.7 33.6 47.2 7.6 1.0 15.2 7.3 19.1 4.9 13.9 11.9 67.9 100.7 124.9 149.5 98.3 28.7 13.2 29.2 16.1 39.4 0 0 0 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Non-Current Assets 10.1 10.1 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 10.2 15.2 15.2 15.2 0.0 15.2 0.0 132.5 23.6 24.4 24.0 25.1 26.4 27.5 28.1 0.0 28.6 0.0 16.4 13.0 1.8 1.9 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.9 1.2 0.1 0.1
Total Non-Current Assets 102.2 105.4 110.2 122.4 141.2 150.5 148.8 184.7 209.4 175.5 174.7 179.6 192.6 192.4 203.5 214.0 207.9 259.3 288.0 290.9 302.4 241.6 128.1 129.7 113.4 113.6 75.2 34.6 34.7 34.4 7.8 6.0 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.9 3.7 2.1 1.2 1.3
Total Assets 260.1 284.9 318.9 343.7 371.6 398.7 440.7 495.0 528.8 569.9 506.2 543.8 584.8 630.3 705.6 749.3 807.1 858.4 921.5 984.6 1,015.7 1,046.0 622.5 626.4 653.6 321.9 302.3 340.2 199.9 220.9 213.0 220.0 83.2 93.4 105.3 72.7 74.0 85.3 95.0 49.3 49.2 58.7 68.0 76.4 83.5 44.5 51.2 47.0 43.6 49.6 55.6 23.0 6.2 6.4 11.1
Current Liabilities
Account Payables 3.3 3.3 2.7 3.5 4.0 4.2 9.4 6.3 5.5 6.8 4.7 5.7 7.5 9.9 8.3 9.6 8.4 11.4 8.6 6.4 5.8 9.0 6.3 3.7 13.6 5.2 5.8 5.7 5.4 5.4 4.2 5.2 3.5 2.2 1.7 2.2 1.2 2.5 0.9 1.2 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.7 3.7 0 1.6 1.2
Short-Term Debt 0 0 0 0 0 6.5 0 6.9 0 0 6.2 6.0 5.8 5.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4 0 2.4 0 0 15.6 7.0 5.1 2.4 3.3 2.0 0.8 0 0 0 7.6 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.5 6.5 5.2 3.3 1.5 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.7 5.5 2.0 2.0 1.9
Deferred Revenue 0 0.6 0.4 0.0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 0.2 0.7 1.1 1.9 1.7 42.2 35.2 33.7 22.6 21.5 23.5 23.0 21.0 21.1 17.1 14.6 2.9 2.8 3.4 5.0 6.6 7.6 3.2 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.1 (3.7) 0.0 0 0.1
Other Current Liabilities 9.5 8.4 8.4 2.3 0.8 12.0 11.6 15.9 15.4 0 17.0 19.5 21.1 25.5 40.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 46.0 39.2 50.0 16.2 10.4 3.2 12.2 10.9 8.3 9.0 10.1 8.7 7.7 6.3 5.5 3.8 3.7 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.6
Total Current Liabilities 32.6 30.7 36.1 28.1 28.7 28.2 38.5 37.4 34.8 45.4 39.1 41.3 44.7 48.7 114.1 103.9 91.5 77.9 81.3 91.9 105.6 94.6 85.6 54.2 45.3 24.9 27.8 40.6 29.4 29.1 27.3 22.7 16.3 12.6 11.0 9.7 8.1 16.9 15.2 14.7 14.3 13.9 13.4 12.6 11.3 6.4 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.4 4.6 9.5 5.4 4.1 4.8
Non-Current Liabilities
Long-Term Debt 0 72.0 73.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.5 11.0 12.4 11.6 12.8 14.1 14.8 14.8 6.7 1.1 2.5 4.6 6.7 8.7 10.7 12.6 14.5 16.4 18.1 9.4 0 0 0 20.2 0.7 1.2 1.7
Deferred Tax Liabilities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Non-Current Liabilities 3.3 2.5 2.4 7 5.9 5.3 5.6 3.1 3.1 2.7 1.3 0.7 1.8 2.1 3.9 9.8 10.7 16.6 25.0 25.4 13.7 11.8 12.5 15.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.0 5.4 3.8 2.2 1.6 1.5 1.2 2.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 59.7 0.1 0.9 57.3
Total Non-Current Liabilities 74.1 74.5 75.7 81.5 81.6 82.1 83.4 95.2 97.0 98.4 98.7 99.7 102.3 104.2 107.6 127.4 135.1 147.1 161.3 162.4 158.0 161.3 152.4 147.9 134.2 77.7 29.7 31.6 42.9 45.9 25.3 23.4 15.1 15.8 17.1 17.2 10.7 4.6 6.7 9.2 11.7 14.1 16.5 18.8 21.1 16.8 18.3 9.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 80.0 0.9 2.1 59.1
Total Liabilities 106.7 105.2 111.8 109.6 110.3 110.3 122.0 132.6 131.8 143.8 137.8 141.0 147.0 152.9 221.6 231.3 226.6 225.0 242.6 254.2 263.6 255.9 238.0 202.1 179.5 102.7 57.5 72.2 72.4 75.0 52.6 46.0 31.3 28.4 28.1 26.9 18.7 21.5 21.9 23.9 26.0 28.0 29.9 31.4 32.4 23.2 22.9 13.4 3.9 4.5 4.7 89.4 6.3 6.2 63.9
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Retained Earnings (1,595.7) (1,565.5) (1,534.3) (1,501.9) (1,469.7) (1,435.6) (1,398.0) (1,345.8) (1,298.2) (1,259.7) (1,211.7) (1,167.6) (1,122.4) (1,069.7) (1,050.8) (994.4) (910.9) (834.8) (769.1) (700.5) (657.2) (602.0) (556.9) (503.8) (445.1) (417.1) (383.5) (355.2) (328.6) (305.2) (285.4) (269.4) (252.6) (232.9) (218.8) (206.3) (195.6) (186.0) (175.8) (167.9) (159.2) (150.8) (142.4) (134.9) (128.1) (120.3) (112.4) (106.2) (99.6) (93.5) (86.5) (80.8) (75.0) (69.2) (65.6)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (0.1) (0.1) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 (0.4) (0.2) 0.0 (0.5) (0.6) (0.6) (1.9) (3.3) (3.4) (2.9) (0.8) (0.1) (0.1) (0.3) 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0 (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) (0.0) 0.0 0.0 0.0 (3.5) 0 0 0 (2.8) 0 0 0 (2.3) (0.2) (2.1) 0 (1.7)
Total Stockholders' Equity 153.4 179.7 207.2 234.1 261.4 288.4 318.7 362.3 397.0 426.1 368.4 402.8 437.8 477.5 483.9 518.0 580.5 633.4 678.8 730.3 752.1 790.1 384.4 424.4 474.1 219.2 244.8 268.0 127.5 145.8 160.5 173.9 51.8 65.0 77.2 45.7 55.2 63.9 73.2 25.4 23.1 30.7 38.0 45.0 51.1 21.3 28.3 33.6 39.6 45.2 50.8 (66.4) (0.1) 0.2 (52.8)
Total Liabilities & Equity 260.1 284.9 318.9 343.7 371.6 398.7 440.7 495.0 528.8 569.9 506.2 543.8 584.8 630.3 705.6 749.3 807.1 858.4 921.5 984.6 1,015.7 1,046.0 622.5 626.4 653.6 321.9 302.3 340.2 199.9 220.9 213.0 220.0 83.2 93.4 105.3 72.7 74.0 85.3 95.0 49.3 49.2 58.7 68.0 76.4 83.5 44.5 51.2 47.0 43.6 49.6 55.6 23.0 6.2 6.4 11.1
Debt Metrics
Total Debt 75.7 76.8 77.8 79.2 81.3 83.3 85.3 99.0 100.6 102.1 103.5 105.0 106.3 107.6 109.3 110.9 112.3 113.5 114.8 109.1 110.5 110.9 97.3 85.5 81.0 75.7 26.9 41.2 42.6 42.6 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 6.7 8.7 10.7 12.6 14.5 16.4 18.2 19.1 19.7 19.7 19.6 10 0.7 1.2 1.7 25.7 2.7 3.2 3.7
Net Debt 43.2 37.2 31.2 38.6 40.1 38.4 49.2 61.1 63.6 (19.3) 61.7 71.6 59.5 65.6 48.0 28.8 57.0 48.8 (18.8) (20.1) 33.8 4.5 (70.0) (263.6) (352.0) (7.6) (72.9) (208.4) (28.8) (140.4) (175.6) (168.4) (21.3) (18.1) (74.1) (28.4) (24.4) (31.9) (77.9) (24.5) (21.3) (23.1) (46.6) (53.7) (61.5) (22.7) (29.5) (35.5) (41.3) (46.6) (52.3) 6.6 (0.7) (1.5) (5.4)
Metric 2026 Q2 2026 Q1 2025 Q4 2025 Q3 2025 Q2 2025 Q1 2024 Q4 2024 Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q1 2023 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 Q2 2023 Q1 2022 Q4 2022 Q3 2022 Q2 2022 Q1 2021 Q4 2021 Q3 2021 Q2 2021 Q1 2020 Q4 2020 Q3 2020 Q2 2020 Q1 2019 Q4 2019 Q3 2019 Q2 2019 Q1 2018 Q4 2018 Q3 2018 Q2 2018 Q1 2017 Q4 2017 Q3 2017 Q2 2017 Q1 2016 Q4 2016 Q3 2016 Q2 2016 Q1 2015 Q4 2015 Q3 2015 Q2 2015 Q1 2014 Q4 2014 Q3 2014 Q2 2014 Q1 2013 Q4 2013 Q3 2013 Q2 2013 Q1 2012 Q4 2012 Q3
Operating Activities
Net Income (30.2) (31.2) (32.4) (32.2) (34.1) (37.6) (52.2) (47.7) (38.4) (48.0) (44.1) (45.2) (52.8) (18.9) (56.4) (83.6) (76.1) (65.7) (68.6) (43.3) (55.1) (45.1) (53.1) (58.7) (28.1) (33.5) (28.3) (26.6) (23.5) (19.8) (16.0) (16.8) (19.7) (14.1) (12.5) (10.7) (9.6) (10.1) (7.9) (8.7) (8.4) (8.4) (7.4) (6.9) (7.8) (7.9) (6.2) (6.6) (6.1) (7.0) (5.7) (6.1) (5.5) (3.5) (4.2) (4.1)
Depreciation & Amortization 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3 4.8 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.2 4.8 3.2 3.0 2.8 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Stock-Based Compensation 3.5 3.9 5.5 4.9 7.2 7.4 9.1 11.8 9.6 11.0 0 10.1 0 11.0 0 19.5 20.5 19.3 14.6 13.5 13.3 13.0 8.8 7.8 7.2 6.9 4.6 4.6 4.4 3.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.4 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
Change in Working Capital (0.1) (6.0) 1.1 0.5 0.1 (5.4) (1.9) 3.1 (3.8) 0.6 (0.2) (2.8) 10.0 12.2 (32.5) 10.1 (1.2) (11.1) (12.9) 9.3 (0.5) 6.1 (0.6) (6.4) (5.1) (0.7) (1.2) 4.0 0.9 (0.1) (1.1) 0.5 2.1 0.3 0.7 (0.2) (0.2) 1.8 (0.2) 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.2 (1.0) 0.7 0.6 (0.7) 0.4 0.0 0.3 (0.1) 0.3 0.7 (0.7) 0.6 0.8
Other Non-Cash Items 0.5 (0.5) (0.6) (0.7) (1.0) (1.5) 12.3 (1.2) (4.4) (1.8) 2.8 (5.1) 9.8 (37.3) 8.7 (4.3) 0.6 (9.9) (5.6) (14.4) 9.1 (2.1) 23.4 25.7 64.0 (0.1) (1.2) (2.2) (2.4) (1.9) 4.0 10.9 4.4 (0.3) (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.2) (0.4) (0.4) (0.4) (0.6) (0.4) 0.0 8.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 1.2 1.1 0.1 (0.0) (0.0)
Operating Cash Flow (23.4) (30.8) (23.3) (24.4) (24.6) (33.8) (27.8) (29.4) (32.3) (33.4) (36.6) (38.3) (28.5) (28.9) (75.4) (55.0) (53.2) (64.6) (70.3) (33.4) (32.1) (27.1) (20.7) (30.7) 38.8 (26.7) (25.5) (19.8) (20.3) (17.5) (11.0) (3.6) (11.5) (12.6) (10.7) (9.9) (8.9) (7.5) (7.6) (7.5) (7.5) (7.3) (7.0) (7.1) 2.1 (6.4) (6.2) (5.5) (5.5) (5.3) (4.6) (3.5) (3.4) (3.9) (3.4) (2.8)
Investing Activities
Capital Expenditure (0.1) (0.2) (1.2) (2.2) (1.4) (1.2) (0.1) (0.5) (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.6) (2.2) (3.2) (6.7) (8.7) (10.1) (10.1) (18.4) (14.7) (13.6) (4.0) (2.3) (1.0) (0.6) (1.1) (2.6) (1.3) (1.8) (1.7) (1.1) (0.7) (0.3) (0.2) (0.8) (0.4) (0.4) (0.2) (0.0) (0.0) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.7) (0.2) (0.5) (0.3) (0.2) (0.0) (0.4) (0.1) (0.0) (0.1) (0.0) (0.3) (0.4)
Acquisitions 0 0 (0.1) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Purchases of Investments (58.3) (28.7) (37.7) (58.0) (50.8) (48.6) (38.0) (64.7) (128.7) (86.3) (50.0) (102.1) (92.3) (114.5) (107.1) (101.6) (63.9) (132.2) (173.4) (165.5) (99.3) (529.9) (185.0) (92.3) 0 0 (142.7) 0 (106.2) 0 0 0 0 (55.7) 0 0 0 (40.0) 0 (3.5) 0 (16.2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sales/Maturities of Investments 73.0 52.6 66.3 81.4 71.6 92.5 60.9 90.7 75.3 103.7 95.5 127.5 127.6 127 166.9 190.6 114.4 135.2 263.1 258.2 111.6 62 21.2 39.1 36.0 24.8 34.8 37.5 16 10.5 17.5 14 14 12 14 14 1.8 1.8 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Investing Activities 0 0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.5 (90.2) 10.5 17.5 14 14 (43.7) 14 14 1.8 (38.2) 0.0 0.5 6 (16.2) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0.0) 0.0 0 0 0 0
Investing Cash Flow 14.6 23.6 27.6 21.3 19.6 42.7 22.8 25.5 (53.4) 17.3 45.4 24.8 33.2 9.3 53.1 80.4 40.3 (7.0) 71.3 78.0 (1.4) (471.9) (166.0) (54.1) 35.3 23.8 (110.5) 36.3 (92.0) 8.8 16.4 13.3 13.7 (43.8) 13.2 13.6 1.3 (38.4) 6.0 0.5 5.8 (16.3) (0.2) (0.7) (0.2) (0.5) (0.3) (0.2) (0.0) (0.4) (0.1) (0.0) (0.1) (0.0) (0.3) (0.4)
Financing Activities
Net Debt Issuance 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (14) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (6.7) (2.0) (2.0) (2.0) (1.9) (1.9) (1.9) (0.9) (0.6) 0 0 10 9.2 (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) (0.5) 2.5 (0.5) (0.2) 0
Stock Repurchased 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0.0) (0.3) 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0.0) 0 0.4 0 0 0.1 0 0 0.0 (0.0) 0 (1.1) (0.3) 0 0 0
Dividends Paid 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other Financing Activities 1.3 0 1.7 2.5 1.3 0 3.1 0 1.9 20.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.4 0 3.4 28.6 3.7 5.6 4.9 1.2 2.6 0.4 0.4 (0.8) 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.3 1.2 0 0.1 15.1 0 (0.2) 36.4 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0 0 (0.0) 0.1 0 (0.3) 19.7 0 0 0 0
Financing Cash Flow 1.7 0 1.7 2.5 1.3 0 3.1 0 1.3 95.5 (0.2) 0 0.1 0.2 1.5 1.5 3.4 2.8 3.4 7.9 3.7 438.1 4.9 0.9 275.5 1.5 (13.7) 161.7 0.7 1.3 1.9 137.4 1.2 0.4 43.2 8.4 (2.0) (2.2) 53.1 8.3 (1.9) (1.7) (0.9) (0.5) 37.0 0.1 10.0 9.2 (0.4) (0.5) 39.7 19.2 2.2 (0.5) 7.3 3.1
Cash Position
Net Change in Cash (7.1) (7.2) 6.0 (0.6) (3.7) 8.9 (1.9) 1.0 (84.4) 79.5 8.5 (13.5) 4.8 (19.3) (20.8) 26.8 (9.5) (68.8) 4.4 52.5 (29.8) (60.9) (181.8) (83.9) 349.7 (16.4) (149.8) 178.2 (111.6) (7.5) 7.3 147.1 3.4 (56.0) 45.7 12.2 (9.4) (48.0) 51.5 1.2 (3.6) (25.3) (8.0) (8.3) 38.8 (6.8) 3.6 3.5 (5.9) (6.2) 35.0 15.7 (1.2) (4.4) 3.6 0.0
Cash at Beginning 49.6 56.9 50.8 51.5 55.1 46.3 48.1 36.9 136.5 57.0 33.3 62.0 42.0 61.3 82.1 55.3 80.0 133.6 144.4 91.9 121.6 182.6 364.4 448.3 98.6 99.8 249.8 71.7 183.3 190.7 183.5 36.4 33.0 89.1 43.4 31.2 40.6 88.6 37.1 35.9 39.5 64.8 72.9 81.2 42.3 49.1 45.5 42.0 47.9 54.0 19.1 3.4 4.6 9.1 5.5 5.5
Cash at End 42.5 49.6 56.9 50.8 51.5 55.1 46.3 37.9 52.1 136.5 41.9 48.5 46.8 42.0 61.3 82.1 70.5 64.7 148.8 144.4 91.9 121.6 182.6 364.4 448.3 83.4 100.0 249.8 71.7 183.3 190.7 183.5 36.4 33.0 89.1 43.4 31.2 40.6 88.6 37.1 35.9 39.5 64.8 72.9 81.2 42.3 49.1 45.5 42.0 47.9 54.0 19.1 3.4 4.6 9.1 5.5
Free Cash Flow (23.5) (31.1) (24.5) (26.6) (25.9) (35.0) (27.9) (29.9) (32.4) (33.4) (36.8) (38.8) (30.7) (32.1) (82.1) (63.7) (63.3) (74.7) (88.7) (48.1) (45.7) (31.1) (22.9) (31.7) 38.2 (27.7) (28.1) (21.1) (22.1) (19.2) (12.1) (4.3) (11.8) (12.7) (11.5) (10.2) (9.3) (7.6) (7.6) (7.5) (7.7) (7.4) (7.1) (7.8) 1.9 (6.8) (6.4) (5.7) (5.5) (5.7) (4.7) (3.5) (3.5) (3.9) (3.7) (3.1)
Key Metrics 2026 Q2 2026 Q1 2025 Q4 2025 Q3 2025 Q2 2025 Q1 2024 Q4 2024 Q3 2024 Q2 2024 Q1 2023 Q4 2023 Q3 2023 Q2 2023 Q1 2022 Q4 2022 Q3 2022 Q2 2022 Q1 2021 Q4 2021 Q3 2021 Q2 2021 Q1 2020 Q4 2020 Q3 2020 Q2 2020 Q1 2019 Q4 2019 Q3 2019 Q2 2019 Q1 2018 Q4 2018 Q3 2018 Q2 2018 Q1 2017 Q4 2017 Q3 2017 Q2 2017 Q1 2016 Q4 2016 Q3 2016 Q2 2016 Q1 2015 Q4 2015 Q3 2015 Q2 2015 Q1 2014 Q4 2014 Q3 2014 Q2 2014 Q1 2013 Q4 2013 Q3 2013 Q2 2013 Q1 2012 Q4 2012 Q3
Income Statement
Revenue 2.1 1.3 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.6 1.9 3.1 6.8 1.9 1.7 1.9 0.9 59.0 44.4 15.0 18.5 18.4 17.1 14.2 13.4 11.1 15.9 7.6 5.5 2.5 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.6 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 (1.0) 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5
Gross Profit 2.1 (1.6) 1.4 (24.1) (1.9) (27.5) (15.3) (31.6) 2.1 (2.9) (3.2) (2.8) (39.9) (6.6) (42.8) (64.8) (62.8) (53.7) (52.4) (38.9) (34.6) (33.7) (23.1) (23.1) (21.2) (26.8) 2.8 (20.8) (18.8) (15.1) (12.4) (12.6) (15.8) (10.4) (8.9) (7.6) (6.9) (6.9) (5.2) (5.8) (5.8) (5.3) (4.4) (4.0) (4.5) (4.6) (3.9) (4.1) (4.0) (4.5) (4.0) (3.2) (2.8) (2.1) (2.8) (2.8)
Operating Income (31.1) (33) (34.7) (34.7) (37.0) (41.3) (61.7) (52.4) (45.1) (51.1) (48.1) (51.3) (62.6) (28.6) (64.4) (86.4) (83.1) (74.5) (69.4) (54.6) (46.8) (46.2) (33.4) (31.5) (28.7) (34.5) (29.1) (27.1) (24.1) (20.4) (16.7) (16.7) (19.6) (14.1) (12.2) (10.3) (9.6) (10.0) (7.7) (8.4) (8.0) (7.9) (6.9) (6.3) (7.2) (7.3) (5.9) (6.0) (6.0) (6.9) (4.9) (5.1) (4.3) (3.4) (4.0) (3.6)
Net Income (30.2) (31.2) (32.4) (32.2) (34.1) (37.6) (52.2) (47.7) (38.4) (48.0) (44.1) (45.2) (52.8) (18.9) (56.4) (83.6) (76.1) (65.7) (68.6) (43.3) (55.1) (45.1) (53.1) (58.7) (28.1) (33.5) (28.3) (26.6) (23.5) (19.8) (16.0) (16.8) (19.7) (14.1) (12.5) (10.7) (9.6) (10.1) (7.9) (8.7) (8.4) (8.4) (7.4) (6.9) (7.8) (7.9) (6.2) (6.6) (6.1) (7.0) (5.7) (6.1) (5.5) (3.5) (4.2) (4.1)
EPS (Diluted) -0.25 -0.26 -0.27 -0.27 -0.29 -0.32 -0.44 -0.40 -0.33 -0.47 -0.45 -0.46 -0.54 -0.09 -0.50 -0.83 -0.79 -0.59 -0.72 -0.45 -0.58 -0.48 -0.61 -0.68 -0.35 -0.44 -0.37 -0.40 -0.36 -0.30 -0.25 -0.31 -0.37 -0.27 -0.29 -0.26 -0.23 -0.24 -0.21 -0.27 -0.29 -0.29 -0.26 -0.24 -0.33 -0.38 -0.30 -0.32 -0.30 -0.34 -0.28 -0.32 -0.29 -0.40 -0.47 -0.46
Balance Sheet
Cash & Equivalents 32.4 39.6 46.6 40.6 41.2 44.9 36.1 37.9 36.9 121.3 41.9 33.3 46.8 42.0 61.3 82.1 55.3 64.7 133.6 129.2 76.7 106.4 167.3 349.1 433.1 83.4 99.8 249.6 71.4 183.0 190.5 183.2 36.2 32.9 89.0 43.2 31.1 40.6 88.6 37.1 35.9 39.5 64.8 72.9 81.2 42.3 49.1 45.5 42.0 47.9 54.0 19.1 3.4 4.6 9.1
Total Assets 260.1 284.9 318.9 343.7 371.6 398.7 440.7 495.0 528.8 569.9 506.2 543.8 584.8 630.3 705.6 749.3 807.1 858.4 921.5 984.6 1,015.7 1,046.0 622.5 626.4 653.6 321.9 302.3 340.2 199.9 220.9 213.0 220.0 83.2 93.4 105.3 72.7 74.0 85.3 95.0 49.3 49.2 58.7 68.0 76.4 83.5 44.5 51.2 47.0 43.6 49.6 55.6 23.0 6.2 6.4 11.1
Total Debt 75.7 76.8 77.8 79.2 81.3 83.3 85.3 99.0 100.6 102.1 103.5 105.0 106.3 107.6 109.3 110.9 112.3 113.5 114.8 109.1 110.5 110.9 97.3 85.5 81.0 75.7 26.9 41.2 42.6 42.6 14.9 14.9 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 6.7 8.7 10.7 12.6 14.5 16.4 18.2 19.1 19.7 19.7 19.6 10 0.7 1.2 1.7 25.7 2.7 3.2 3.7
Stockholders' Equity 153.4 179.7 207.2 234.1 261.4 288.4 318.7 362.3 397.0 426.1 368.4 402.8 437.8 477.5 483.9 518.0 580.5 633.4 678.8 730.3 752.1 790.1 384.4 424.4 474.1 219.2 244.8 268.0 127.5 145.8 160.5 173.9 51.8 65.0 77.2 45.7 55.2 63.9 73.2 25.4 23.1 30.7 38.0 45.0 51.1 21.3 28.3 33.6 39.6 45.2 50.8 (66.4) (0.1) 0.2 (52.8)
Cash Flow
Operating Cash Flow (23.4) (30.8) (23.3) (24.4) (24.6) (33.8) (27.8) (29.4) (32.3) (33.4) (36.6) (38.3) (28.5) (28.9) (75.4) (55.0) (53.2) (64.6) (70.3) (33.4) (32.1) (27.1) (20.7) (30.7) 38.8 (26.7) (25.5) (19.8) (20.3) (17.5) (11.0) (3.6) (11.5) (12.6) (10.7) (9.9) (8.9) (7.5) (7.6) (7.5) (7.5) (7.3) (7.0) (7.1) 2.1 (6.4) (6.2) (5.5) (5.5) (5.3) (4.6) (3.5) (3.4) (3.9) (3.4) (2.8)
Capital Expenditure (0.1) (0.2) (1.2) (2.2) (1.4) (1.2) (0.1) (0.5) (0.1) (0.1) (0.2) (0.6) (2.2) (3.2) (6.7) (8.7) (10.1) (10.1) (18.4) (14.7) (13.6) (4.0) (2.3) (1.0) (0.6) (1.1) (2.6) (1.3) (1.8) (1.7) (1.1) (0.7) (0.3) (0.2) (0.8) (0.4) (0.4) (0.2) (0.0) (0.0) (0.2) (0.2) (0.2) (0.7) (0.2) (0.5) (0.3) (0.2) (0.0) (0.4) (0.1) (0.0) (0.1) (0.0) (0.3) (0.4)
Free Cash Flow (23.5) (31.1) (24.5) (26.6) (25.9) (35.0) (27.9) (29.9) (32.4) (33.4) (36.8) (38.8) (30.7) (32.1) (82.1) (63.7) (63.3) (74.7) (88.7) (48.1) (45.7) (31.1) (22.9) (31.7) 38.2 (27.7) (28.1) (21.1) (22.1) (19.2) (12.1) (4.3) (11.8) (12.7) (11.5) (10.2) (9.3) (7.6) (7.6) (7.5) (7.7) (7.4) (7.1) (7.8) 1.9 (6.8) (6.4) (5.7) (5.5) (5.7) (4.7) (3.5) (3.5) (3.9) (3.7) (3.1)